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In the mosaic of Metro Manila's urban landscape lies a tapestry of rich history, with each city bearing its own unique story of foundation and growth.



From the bustling streets of the capital to the coastal charms of its surrounding municipalities, the evolution of these cities paints a vivid picture of the region's past. Let's embark on a journey through time as we unravel the chronological order of Metro Manila's cities, from newest to oldest.

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Understanding Metro Manila

First, let us understand what is Metro Manila. The National Capital Region, forged in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824, emerges as the vibrant culmination of centuries of historical progression. Its inception aimed to consolidate the governance of a burgeoning urban landscape, marking a pivotal chapter in the region's narrative. Rooted deeply in the annals of Philippine history, the seeds of this metropolis were sown long before its formal establishment, tracing back to the founding of Manila in 1571 by Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi.

From its humble beginnings as a Spanish colonial outpost, Manila burgeoned into a thriving hub of commerce, culture, and diplomacy. Over centuries, it weathered the tides of conquest, war, and colonial rule, evolving into the "Pearl of the Orient" and serving as the seat of power for successive colonial regimes.


Today, Metro Manila stands as a living testament to its storied past, a mosaic of urbanity and tradition woven together across time. Its skyline, adorned with towering skyscrapers and historic landmarks, reflects the confluence of old-world charm and modernity.




Cities in Metro Manila (Ordered from Newest to Oldest Establishment)

We are ranking the cities in Metro Manila from the newest to oldest foundation:


17. Quezon City (Founded: October 12, 1939)

Taking the mantle of the Philippines' capital from Manila, Quezon City was established as a city on October 12, 1939. Named after President Manuel L. Quezon, it quickly grew into a vibrant metropolis and the largest city in Metro Manila, boasting a diverse population and thriving commercial districts.

Quezon Memorial Shrine

Today, Quezon City holds the distinction of being the wealthiest city not only in NCR but in the whole country. Its economic strength is driven by various factors, including its large population, strategic location, and robust business environment. 


16. Pasay (Founded: December 2, 1863)

In 1863, Pasay was officially established as a municipality, named "Pineda" after a Spanish benefactor. However, in 1901, upon the request of its residents, the town reverted to its original name. Later, in 1947, it was renamed Rizal City, but due to public sentiment and habit, it was changed back to Pasay City in 1950.

Cartimar, an old market place in Pasay

This series of name changes reflects the area's historical and political evolution, shaped by local residents and government decisions over time. From its humble beginnings as a fishing and farming community, Pasay has transformed into a modern city with vibrant entertainment districts and key transportation hubs.


15. Mandaluyong (Founded: February 9, 1841)

Originally a barrio of Santa Ana de Sapa, Mandaluyong was named San Felipe Neri by the Spaniards before being separated from Santa Ana de Sapa in 1841. It comprised five original barrios, which later evolved into 22 sub-barrios.

Dambana ng Alaala Alay sa mga Dakilang Anak ng Mandaluyong

In 1901, it became part of the province of Rizal, briefly serving as its capital in 1904. Renamed Mandaluyong in 1931, it gained city status on February 9, 1994, becoming the fifth city in Metro Manila through Republic Act No. 7675.


14. Navotas (Founded: December 20, 1827)

A movement for the separation of barrios San Jose de Navotas and Bangkulasi from Tambobong (Malabon today) began on December 20, 1827. On February 16, 1859, the Spanish colonial government granted the petition, forming a new distinct town comprising four barrios: San Jose (Navotas), Tangos, Bangkulasi, and Tanza.

Navotas as seen from Malabon

Navotas was incorporated into the province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, only to be returned to Malabon on October 12, 1903. Navotas regained its independent municipality status on January 16, 1906, and later became a highly urbanized city on June 24, 2007.


13. Caloocan (Founded: 1815)

Nestled in the northern part of Metro Manila, Caloocan traces its origins back in 1815, when it was established as a municipality.

Aerial view of Caloocan, circa 1930s

In 1961, after Republic Act No. 3278 was approved by the Philippine Congress, a plebiscite was conducted. Caloocan was officially inducted into cityhood on February 16, 1962. It was the fourth established city in Metro Manila (after Manila, Quezon City and Pasay).


12. Las Piñas (Founded: March 27, 1762)

Las Piñas traces its roots to one of the earliest fishing settlements along the shores of Manila Bay. Historians, including Agustin and Fr. Juan de Medina, differ on the exact year it was proclaimed as a province of Manila, with estimates ranging from 1762 to 1797.

Production of sea salt by solar evaporation of water from the brine of the sea circa 1940

Initially known as "Las Pilas," the area gained its name due to its separation from Parañaque amid tribal conflicts. Manuel Buzeta, however, recorded the date of its separation differently, placing it at 1797.

On February 12, 1997, Las Piñas reached a significant milestone in its history when President Fidel V. Ramos signed a bill elevating it from a municipality to a city. This move marked a new chapter for Las Piñas, granting it greater autonomy and recognition within the Metro Manila region. Following the signing, a plebiscite was held a month later, where residents overwhelmingly approved the city status. Thus, on March 26, 1997, Las Piñas officially became the 10th city of Metro Manila, solidifying its place as a dynamic urban center in the Philippines.


11. Pateros (Founded: January 1, 1770)

Before 1799, Pateros was merely a barrio of Pasig, known as "Aguho" or "embarcadero," signifying its role as a small port. Serving as a vital hub for trade and commerce not only for Pasig but also for neighboring towns, Pateros thrived as the most progressive barrio in Pasig during this period. Its strategic location as a port facilitated the movement of goods and contributed significantly to its economic growth.

1821 Idyllic Painting of Pateros by José Honorato Lozano, showing the duck farms on the river banks that are the namesake of the municipality

On March 29, 1900, Pateros, then part of the province of Manila, transitioned into one of the towns in the newly formed province of Rizal, following General Order No. 40 and Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission, enacted on June 11, 1901. Subsequently, on October 12, 1903, Act No. 942 amalgamated Pateros with Taguig and Muntinlupa into a single municipality under Pateros. However, Muntinlupa was later detached from Pateros on November 25, 1903, and incorporated into Biñan, La Laguna, through Act No. 1008. This adjustment led to the renaming of the municipality to Taguig, with Muntinlupa being reintegrated into it on March 22, 1905, as stipulated in Act No. 1308.

B. Morcilla St., the busiest thoroughfare and serves as the center of commerce in Pateros

Executive Order No. 20, issued on February 29, 1908, resulted in the partition of Pateros from Taguig, allowing the town to regain its independent status as a municipality on January 1, 1909, through Executive Order No. 36. This reestablishment of autonomy marked a significant milestone in Pateros's history, affirming its identity and governance separate from Taguig.


10. Makati (Founded: June 1, 1670)

Makati's history is deeply intertwined with its geographical features. The name "Makati" itself originates from the Tagalog word "kati," which refers to the ebb tide or low tide, alluding to the tidal movements of the nearby Pasig River. Originally named San Pedro Macati, this designation reflected the influence of Spanish colonization, with "San Pedro" honoring Saint Peter and "Macati" being the stylized version of the native term.

A photo of Bel-Air Village from Chronicle Magazine, January 6, 1962

Established on June 1, 1670, Makati has undergone significant transformations over the centuries. However, its modern identity truly emerged on February 28, 1914, when it was officially renamed Makati, dropping the "San Pedro" prefix. This change marked a shift towards a more localized identity, shedding some of its colonial associations.

Makati CBD today

Finally, on February 4, 1995, Makati attained cityhood status, further solidifying its place as one of the most prominent cities in the Philippines, known for its vibrant economy, bustling business district, and cultural diversity.


9. Marikina (Founded: April 16, 1630)

Marikina's history traces back to its earliest settlers, believed to be the descendants of Lakan Dula, who was the head of the ruling House of Dula and the pre-Hispanic king of the Lakanate of Tondo. These early inhabitants laid the foundation for the community that would later become Marikina.

Marikina River in 1933

The riverbanks of Marikina became home to river dwellers, locally known as "taga-ilog". It was during the 1570s that the Augustinians stumbled upon these natives as they explored the area along the riverbanks. Subsequently, in the 1630s, the Jesuits arrived, marking the spread of Christianity in Marikina under their ecclesiastical control and supervision. The Augustinians were the first to establish a presence in the valley, setting foot in what is now known as Chorillo in Barangka in the late 16th century. With a rich tapestry of cultural and religious influences, Marikina gradually evolved into the vibrant city it is today.


8. San Juan (Founded: June 24, 1623)

San Juan City boasts a rich history dating back to its foundation in 1623. Originally known as "San Juan del Monte," which translates to "Saint John of the Mountain," the city's name reflects its religious roots and geographical features. Over the centuries, San Juan has evolved from its agricultural beginnings into a dynamic urban hub, witnessing significant developments and transformations.

Diwa ng 1896 Monument in Brgy. Pedro Cruz. Formerly "Battle of Pinaglabanan Monument and Historical Marker"

On October 12, 1903, San Juan was annexed to the neighboring municipality of San Felipe Neri (present-day Mandaluyong), marking a pivotal moment in its administrative history. Four years later, on March 27, 1907, San Juan was officially chartered, gaining autonomy and recognition as a distinct local government unit.

Fast forward to June 17, 2007, another significant chapter unfolded as San Juan attained cityhood status and was declared a Highly Urbanized City (HUC), cementing its status as a key player in the metropolitan region.


7. Valenzuela (Founded: February 14, 1621)

Valenzuela derives its name from the Spanish word "Valencia," but in diminutive form, it becomes "Valenzuela," meaning "little Valencia." This nomenclature nods to its roots and possibly its resemblance or connection to the larger city of Valencia. Additionally, the name Valenzuela holds historical significance as it is the surname of Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino, a notable Tagalog physician who played a crucial role in the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that fought for Philippine independence against Spanish colonial rule. Pío Valenzuela was among the prominent leaders of the movement, contributing significantly to its cause.

Valenzuela People's Park

The city of Valenzuela has a rich history dating back to its founding on November 12, 1623, by Juan Taranco and Juan Monsód. Over the centuries, it has evolved from a modest settlement into a bustling urban center. On December 30, 1998, Valenzuela achieved cityhood and was declared a Highly Urbanized City (HUC), signifying its growth, development, and significance as an urban area in the Philippines. Today, Valenzuela is often referred to as "The Vibrant City," reflecting its dynamic atmosphere, diverse community, and continuous progress in various sectors such as commerce, industry, and culture.


6. Muntinlupa (Founded: December 19, 1601)

Muntinlupa has a rich history dating back to its founding in 1601. Originally a small settlement, it underwent several changes in governance and territorial affiliations over the centuries. In 1903, Muntinlupa was successively annexed to Pateros and then to Biñan, reflecting the fluid administrative boundaries characteristic of the time. However, it eventually became part of Taguig in 1905, marking another phase in its political evolution.

Aerial view of Alabang Stock Farm, 1933

On January 1, 1918, Muntinlupa was chartered, signifying its status as a distinct local government unit. This marked a significant milestone in its development and administrative autonomy. Nearly eight decades later, on May 8, 1995, Muntinlupa achieved cityhood status and became a Highly Urbanized City (HUC), recognizing its growth and urbanization. These milestones underscore Muntinlupa's journey from a humble settlement to a thriving urban center with its own identity and governance structure.


5. Malabon (Founded: May 21, 1599)

Malabon, originally known as Tambobong, traces its roots back to May 21, 1599, when it was established as a visita, or hamlet, of Tondo by the Augustinians. The name Tambobong is derived from the Tagalog word "tambúbong," which refers to a barn or a rural structure. Over time, Tambobong evolved and grew, eventually becoming an integral part of the bustling landscape of Metro Manila.

A street in Malabon

The name Malabon, on the other hand, reflects the geographical characteristics of the area. It is derived from the Tagalog word "malabon," which means "having many silt deposits." This name aptly describes the terrain of the region, which is characterized by its rich soil and abundant silt deposits. Malabon continued to flourish over the centuries, evolving from its agricultural beginnings into a thriving urban center. Its transformation culminated on April 21, 2001, when Malabon was officially declared a highly urbanized city under Republic Act No. 9019, marking a significant milestone in its 407-year history since its founding as Tambobong.


4. Taguig (Founded: April 25, 1587)

Taguig's history dates back to its establishment as a separate "pueblo" (town) within the province of Manila, with Captain Juan Basi serving as its Kapitan from 1587 to 1588. At that time, Taguig consisted of nine barrios, including Bagumbayan, Bambang, Hagonoy, Palingon, Santa Ana, Tipas, Tuktukan, Ususan, and Wawa, with Santa Ana serving as its municipal center. Despite some barrios, such as Tipas, petitioning for independence, the Spanish government denied their requests. Taguig's accessibility via the Pasig River, connecting it to Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay, facilitated its growth and development during this period.


In more recent history, the journey towards cityhood for Taguig was marked by legislative and judicial processes. In 1998, a law was passed advocating for the cityhood of Taguig, but a subsequent plebiscite in April 25 showed that the majority of citizens were against the idea. However, after a petition to the Supreme Court in February 2004 sought a recount of the plebiscite votes, the Court ordered the Commission on Elections to conduct the recount. The results, released on December 8, 2004, showed a majority in favor of cityhood, with 21,105 votes in favor and 19,460 against. Consequently, Taguig officially became a city.


Today, Taguig stands as the 5th richest city by assets and is known as "Probinsyudad," uniquely blending urban amenities with a provincial ambiance, characterized by its lakeshore, agricultural activities, historical landmarks, and the enduring spirit of cooperation among its residents.


3. Pasig (Founded: July 2, 1573)

Pasig's history dates back to its establishment on July 2, 1573. However, surviving genealogical records and folk histories indicate a thriving indigenous Tagalog community along the banks of the Bitukang Manok river, now known as Parian Creek.


The significance of the Bitukang Manok river, particularly its stretch known as "Pariancillo" or Estero de San Agustin, cannot be understated. It served as a hub for trade, attracting ethnic Chinese and Malay merchants who settled along its shoreline to engage in commerce with the local population. By the 1970s, this area had developed into Pasig's main public market, contributing to the city's economic growth and cultural diversity. The name "Pasig" itself, derived from the Tagalog language, signifies its geographical feature as "a river that flows into the sea" or "sandy bank of a river," reflecting its close ties to its aquatic landscape.

Ortigas Center part of Pasig City

Formerly part of Rizal province, Pasig housed the provincial government until 2009, when a new capitol was inaugurated in Antipolo within Rizal's jurisdiction. Over time, this community evolved into the modern-day city of Pasig. The area's rich history suggests a vibrant cultural and economic life long before its formal establishment.


2. Parañaque (Founded: February 15, 1572)

Parañaque boasts a rich history dating back to its founding on November 30, 1572. Originally a coastal settlement, Parañaque was established as a pueblo by Spanish friars. Its strategic location along Manila Bay made it a significant trading post during the Spanish colonial period, facilitating commerce between the Philippines and neighboring countries. Over the centuries, Parañaque evolved from a small fishing village to a bustling urban center, influenced by various cultural and economic factors.

The town of Parañaque around 1898, at the beginning of the American Occupation

On February 13, 1998, Parañaque attained cityhood status and became a Highly Urbanized City (HUC). This transition marked a new chapter in its history, as Parañaque emerged as a key player in the development of Metro Manila. With its growing population and expanding economy, Parañaque continues to thrive as a dynamic city, characterized by its diverse communities, vibrant commercial districts, and modern infrastructure. 


1. City of Manila (Founded: June 24, 1571)

The City of Manila, with its roots tracing back to the 13th century or even earlier, has a rich and multifaceted history. Initially part of the Sultanate of Brunei, it was known as the Rajahnate of Maynila in the 1500s, believed to have been ruled by Rajah Sulayman. However, it was in 1571 when Spanish conquistadors under the leadership of Miguel López de Legazpi officially established Spanish Manila on June 24th.

1734 map of the Walled City of Manila

Under Spanish rule, Manila flourished as a center of trade and culture in the region, serving as the capital of the Spanish East Indies. The city became a vital hub for the galleon trade between Asia and the Americas, contributing significantly to the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across continents. However, Spanish control was not without its challenges, with periods of conflict and resistance from indigenous groups and occasional attacks from foreign powers.

Aerial view of Manila, 1936

It wasn't until July 31, 1901, that Manila received its city charter, formalizing its status as a city under American rule after the Spanish-American War. On December 22, 1979, Manila was officially declared a highly urbanized city, solidifying its position as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the Philippines.


Presently, the City of Manila stands as the third wealthiest city in terms of assets, proudly serving as the capital of the Philippines.



Metro Manila Cities Ranked by Founding Anniversary or Year of Establishment

Here's a summary of the establishment dates of the Metro Manila cities, listed in order of their founding:

  1. Manila - Established in 1571 as a city under Spanish Monarchy
  2. Parañaque - Established in 1572 as a town.
  3. Pasig - Established in 1573 as a town.
  4. Taguig - Established in 1587 as a town.
  5. Malabon - Established in 1599 as a pueblo (town).
  6. Muntinlupa - Established in 1601 as a town.
  7. Valenzuela - Established in 1621 as a town.
  8. San Juan - Established in 1623 as a town.
  9. Marikina - Established in 1630 as a town.
  10. Makati - Established in 1670 as a town.
  11. Pateros - Established in 1770 as a town.
  12. Las Piñas - Established in 1762 as a town.
  13. Caloocan - Established in 1815 as a town.
  14. Navotas - Established in 1827 as a town
  15. Mandaluyong - Established in 1841 as a town.
  16. Pasay - Established in 1863 as a town.
  17. Quezon City - Established in 1939 as the capital city of the Philippines, replacing Manila.


Metro Manila Cities Ranked by the Year of Cityhood

Here's another list of Metro Manila cities alongside their respective years of incorporation:
  1. Manila (1571)
  2. Quezon City (1939)
  3. Pasay (1947)
  4. Caloocan (1962)
  5. Mandaluyong (1994)
  6. Makati (1995)
  7. Muntinlupa (1995)
  8. Pasig (1995)
  9. Marikina (1996)
  10. Las Piñas (1997)
  11. Parañaque (1998)
  12. Valenzuela (1998)
  13. Malabon (2001)
  14. Taguig (2004)
  15. Navotas (2007)
  16. San Juan (2007)

Note: Pateros is the only municipality in Metro Manila as of writing.


ATTRACTIONS TO SEE IN MANILA 

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As we traverse the annals of history, we gain a deeper appreciation for the diverse tapestry of Metro Manila's cities, each one weaving its own unique narrative of resilience, growth, and transformation. From the ancient streets of Manila to the bustling neighborhoods of Quezon City, the spirit of the Filipino people continues to thrive, leaving an indelible mark on the vibrant mosaic of urban life.

Ranking the Oldest Towns in Metro Manila by Year of Establishment


In the mosaic of Metro Manila's urban landscape lies a tapestry of rich history, with each city bearing its own unique story of foundation and growth.



From the bustling streets of the capital to the coastal charms of its surrounding municipalities, the evolution of these cities paints a vivid picture of the region's past. Let's embark on a journey through time as we unravel the chronological order of Metro Manila's cities, from newest to oldest.

Loading...

Understanding Metro Manila

First, let us understand what is Metro Manila. The National Capital Region, forged in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824, emerges as the vibrant culmination of centuries of historical progression. Its inception aimed to consolidate the governance of a burgeoning urban landscape, marking a pivotal chapter in the region's narrative. Rooted deeply in the annals of Philippine history, the seeds of this metropolis were sown long before its formal establishment, tracing back to the founding of Manila in 1571 by Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi.

From its humble beginnings as a Spanish colonial outpost, Manila burgeoned into a thriving hub of commerce, culture, and diplomacy. Over centuries, it weathered the tides of conquest, war, and colonial rule, evolving into the "Pearl of the Orient" and serving as the seat of power for successive colonial regimes.


Today, Metro Manila stands as a living testament to its storied past, a mosaic of urbanity and tradition woven together across time. Its skyline, adorned with towering skyscrapers and historic landmarks, reflects the confluence of old-world charm and modernity.




Cities in Metro Manila (Ordered from Newest to Oldest Establishment)

We are ranking the cities in Metro Manila from the newest to oldest foundation:


17. Quezon City (Founded: October 12, 1939)

Taking the mantle of the Philippines' capital from Manila, Quezon City was established as a city on October 12, 1939. Named after President Manuel L. Quezon, it quickly grew into a vibrant metropolis and the largest city in Metro Manila, boasting a diverse population and thriving commercial districts.

Quezon Memorial Shrine

Today, Quezon City holds the distinction of being the wealthiest city not only in NCR but in the whole country. Its economic strength is driven by various factors, including its large population, strategic location, and robust business environment. 


16. Pasay (Founded: December 2, 1863)

In 1863, Pasay was officially established as a municipality, named "Pineda" after a Spanish benefactor. However, in 1901, upon the request of its residents, the town reverted to its original name. Later, in 1947, it was renamed Rizal City, but due to public sentiment and habit, it was changed back to Pasay City in 1950.

Cartimar, an old market place in Pasay

This series of name changes reflects the area's historical and political evolution, shaped by local residents and government decisions over time. From its humble beginnings as a fishing and farming community, Pasay has transformed into a modern city with vibrant entertainment districts and key transportation hubs.


15. Mandaluyong (Founded: February 9, 1841)

Originally a barrio of Santa Ana de Sapa, Mandaluyong was named San Felipe Neri by the Spaniards before being separated from Santa Ana de Sapa in 1841. It comprised five original barrios, which later evolved into 22 sub-barrios.

Dambana ng Alaala Alay sa mga Dakilang Anak ng Mandaluyong

In 1901, it became part of the province of Rizal, briefly serving as its capital in 1904. Renamed Mandaluyong in 1931, it gained city status on February 9, 1994, becoming the fifth city in Metro Manila through Republic Act No. 7675.


14. Navotas (Founded: December 20, 1827)

A movement for the separation of barrios San Jose de Navotas and Bangkulasi from Tambobong (Malabon today) began on December 20, 1827. On February 16, 1859, the Spanish colonial government granted the petition, forming a new distinct town comprising four barrios: San Jose (Navotas), Tangos, Bangkulasi, and Tanza.

Navotas as seen from Malabon

Navotas was incorporated into the province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, only to be returned to Malabon on October 12, 1903. Navotas regained its independent municipality status on January 16, 1906, and later became a highly urbanized city on June 24, 2007.


13. Caloocan (Founded: 1815)

Nestled in the northern part of Metro Manila, Caloocan traces its origins back in 1815, when it was established as a municipality.

Aerial view of Caloocan, circa 1930s

In 1961, after Republic Act No. 3278 was approved by the Philippine Congress, a plebiscite was conducted. Caloocan was officially inducted into cityhood on February 16, 1962. It was the fourth established city in Metro Manila (after Manila, Quezon City and Pasay).


12. Las Piñas (Founded: March 27, 1762)

Las Piñas traces its roots to one of the earliest fishing settlements along the shores of Manila Bay. Historians, including Agustin and Fr. Juan de Medina, differ on the exact year it was proclaimed as a province of Manila, with estimates ranging from 1762 to 1797.

Production of sea salt by solar evaporation of water from the brine of the sea circa 1940

Initially known as "Las Pilas," the area gained its name due to its separation from Parañaque amid tribal conflicts. Manuel Buzeta, however, recorded the date of its separation differently, placing it at 1797.

On February 12, 1997, Las Piñas reached a significant milestone in its history when President Fidel V. Ramos signed a bill elevating it from a municipality to a city. This move marked a new chapter for Las Piñas, granting it greater autonomy and recognition within the Metro Manila region. Following the signing, a plebiscite was held a month later, where residents overwhelmingly approved the city status. Thus, on March 26, 1997, Las Piñas officially became the 10th city of Metro Manila, solidifying its place as a dynamic urban center in the Philippines.


11. Pateros (Founded: January 1, 1770)

Before 1799, Pateros was merely a barrio of Pasig, known as "Aguho" or "embarcadero," signifying its role as a small port. Serving as a vital hub for trade and commerce not only for Pasig but also for neighboring towns, Pateros thrived as the most progressive barrio in Pasig during this period. Its strategic location as a port facilitated the movement of goods and contributed significantly to its economic growth.

1821 Idyllic Painting of Pateros by José Honorato Lozano, showing the duck farms on the river banks that are the namesake of the municipality

On March 29, 1900, Pateros, then part of the province of Manila, transitioned into one of the towns in the newly formed province of Rizal, following General Order No. 40 and Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission, enacted on June 11, 1901. Subsequently, on October 12, 1903, Act No. 942 amalgamated Pateros with Taguig and Muntinlupa into a single municipality under Pateros. However, Muntinlupa was later detached from Pateros on November 25, 1903, and incorporated into Biñan, La Laguna, through Act No. 1008. This adjustment led to the renaming of the municipality to Taguig, with Muntinlupa being reintegrated into it on March 22, 1905, as stipulated in Act No. 1308.

B. Morcilla St., the busiest thoroughfare and serves as the center of commerce in Pateros

Executive Order No. 20, issued on February 29, 1908, resulted in the partition of Pateros from Taguig, allowing the town to regain its independent status as a municipality on January 1, 1909, through Executive Order No. 36. This reestablishment of autonomy marked a significant milestone in Pateros's history, affirming its identity and governance separate from Taguig.


10. Makati (Founded: June 1, 1670)

Makati's history is deeply intertwined with its geographical features. The name "Makati" itself originates from the Tagalog word "kati," which refers to the ebb tide or low tide, alluding to the tidal movements of the nearby Pasig River. Originally named San Pedro Macati, this designation reflected the influence of Spanish colonization, with "San Pedro" honoring Saint Peter and "Macati" being the stylized version of the native term.

A photo of Bel-Air Village from Chronicle Magazine, January 6, 1962

Established on June 1, 1670, Makati has undergone significant transformations over the centuries. However, its modern identity truly emerged on February 28, 1914, when it was officially renamed Makati, dropping the "San Pedro" prefix. This change marked a shift towards a more localized identity, shedding some of its colonial associations.

Makati CBD today

Finally, on February 4, 1995, Makati attained cityhood status, further solidifying its place as one of the most prominent cities in the Philippines, known for its vibrant economy, bustling business district, and cultural diversity.


9. Marikina (Founded: April 16, 1630)

Marikina's history traces back to its earliest settlers, believed to be the descendants of Lakan Dula, who was the head of the ruling House of Dula and the pre-Hispanic king of the Lakanate of Tondo. These early inhabitants laid the foundation for the community that would later become Marikina.

Marikina River in 1933

The riverbanks of Marikina became home to river dwellers, locally known as "taga-ilog". It was during the 1570s that the Augustinians stumbled upon these natives as they explored the area along the riverbanks. Subsequently, in the 1630s, the Jesuits arrived, marking the spread of Christianity in Marikina under their ecclesiastical control and supervision. The Augustinians were the first to establish a presence in the valley, setting foot in what is now known as Chorillo in Barangka in the late 16th century. With a rich tapestry of cultural and religious influences, Marikina gradually evolved into the vibrant city it is today.


8. San Juan (Founded: June 24, 1623)

San Juan City boasts a rich history dating back to its foundation in 1623. Originally known as "San Juan del Monte," which translates to "Saint John of the Mountain," the city's name reflects its religious roots and geographical features. Over the centuries, San Juan has evolved from its agricultural beginnings into a dynamic urban hub, witnessing significant developments and transformations.

Diwa ng 1896 Monument in Brgy. Pedro Cruz. Formerly "Battle of Pinaglabanan Monument and Historical Marker"

On October 12, 1903, San Juan was annexed to the neighboring municipality of San Felipe Neri (present-day Mandaluyong), marking a pivotal moment in its administrative history. Four years later, on March 27, 1907, San Juan was officially chartered, gaining autonomy and recognition as a distinct local government unit.

Fast forward to June 17, 2007, another significant chapter unfolded as San Juan attained cityhood status and was declared a Highly Urbanized City (HUC), cementing its status as a key player in the metropolitan region.


7. Valenzuela (Founded: February 14, 1621)

Valenzuela derives its name from the Spanish word "Valencia," but in diminutive form, it becomes "Valenzuela," meaning "little Valencia." This nomenclature nods to its roots and possibly its resemblance or connection to the larger city of Valencia. Additionally, the name Valenzuela holds historical significance as it is the surname of Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino, a notable Tagalog physician who played a crucial role in the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that fought for Philippine independence against Spanish colonial rule. Pío Valenzuela was among the prominent leaders of the movement, contributing significantly to its cause.

Valenzuela People's Park

The city of Valenzuela has a rich history dating back to its founding on November 12, 1623, by Juan Taranco and Juan Monsód. Over the centuries, it has evolved from a modest settlement into a bustling urban center. On December 30, 1998, Valenzuela achieved cityhood and was declared a Highly Urbanized City (HUC), signifying its growth, development, and significance as an urban area in the Philippines. Today, Valenzuela is often referred to as "The Vibrant City," reflecting its dynamic atmosphere, diverse community, and continuous progress in various sectors such as commerce, industry, and culture.


6. Muntinlupa (Founded: December 19, 1601)

Muntinlupa has a rich history dating back to its founding in 1601. Originally a small settlement, it underwent several changes in governance and territorial affiliations over the centuries. In 1903, Muntinlupa was successively annexed to Pateros and then to Biñan, reflecting the fluid administrative boundaries characteristic of the time. However, it eventually became part of Taguig in 1905, marking another phase in its political evolution.

Aerial view of Alabang Stock Farm, 1933

On January 1, 1918, Muntinlupa was chartered, signifying its status as a distinct local government unit. This marked a significant milestone in its development and administrative autonomy. Nearly eight decades later, on May 8, 1995, Muntinlupa achieved cityhood status and became a Highly Urbanized City (HUC), recognizing its growth and urbanization. These milestones underscore Muntinlupa's journey from a humble settlement to a thriving urban center with its own identity and governance structure.


5. Malabon (Founded: May 21, 1599)

Malabon, originally known as Tambobong, traces its roots back to May 21, 1599, when it was established as a visita, or hamlet, of Tondo by the Augustinians. The name Tambobong is derived from the Tagalog word "tambúbong," which refers to a barn or a rural structure. Over time, Tambobong evolved and grew, eventually becoming an integral part of the bustling landscape of Metro Manila.

A street in Malabon

The name Malabon, on the other hand, reflects the geographical characteristics of the area. It is derived from the Tagalog word "malabon," which means "having many silt deposits." This name aptly describes the terrain of the region, which is characterized by its rich soil and abundant silt deposits. Malabon continued to flourish over the centuries, evolving from its agricultural beginnings into a thriving urban center. Its transformation culminated on April 21, 2001, when Malabon was officially declared a highly urbanized city under Republic Act No. 9019, marking a significant milestone in its 407-year history since its founding as Tambobong.


4. Taguig (Founded: April 25, 1587)

Taguig's history dates back to its establishment as a separate "pueblo" (town) within the province of Manila, with Captain Juan Basi serving as its Kapitan from 1587 to 1588. At that time, Taguig consisted of nine barrios, including Bagumbayan, Bambang, Hagonoy, Palingon, Santa Ana, Tipas, Tuktukan, Ususan, and Wawa, with Santa Ana serving as its municipal center. Despite some barrios, such as Tipas, petitioning for independence, the Spanish government denied their requests. Taguig's accessibility via the Pasig River, connecting it to Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay, facilitated its growth and development during this period.


In more recent history, the journey towards cityhood for Taguig was marked by legislative and judicial processes. In 1998, a law was passed advocating for the cityhood of Taguig, but a subsequent plebiscite in April 25 showed that the majority of citizens were against the idea. However, after a petition to the Supreme Court in February 2004 sought a recount of the plebiscite votes, the Court ordered the Commission on Elections to conduct the recount. The results, released on December 8, 2004, showed a majority in favor of cityhood, with 21,105 votes in favor and 19,460 against. Consequently, Taguig officially became a city.


Today, Taguig stands as the 5th richest city by assets and is known as "Probinsyudad," uniquely blending urban amenities with a provincial ambiance, characterized by its lakeshore, agricultural activities, historical landmarks, and the enduring spirit of cooperation among its residents.


3. Pasig (Founded: July 2, 1573)

Pasig's history dates back to its establishment on July 2, 1573. However, surviving genealogical records and folk histories indicate a thriving indigenous Tagalog community along the banks of the Bitukang Manok river, now known as Parian Creek.


The significance of the Bitukang Manok river, particularly its stretch known as "Pariancillo" or Estero de San Agustin, cannot be understated. It served as a hub for trade, attracting ethnic Chinese and Malay merchants who settled along its shoreline to engage in commerce with the local population. By the 1970s, this area had developed into Pasig's main public market, contributing to the city's economic growth and cultural diversity. The name "Pasig" itself, derived from the Tagalog language, signifies its geographical feature as "a river that flows into the sea" or "sandy bank of a river," reflecting its close ties to its aquatic landscape.

Ortigas Center part of Pasig City

Formerly part of Rizal province, Pasig housed the provincial government until 2009, when a new capitol was inaugurated in Antipolo within Rizal's jurisdiction. Over time, this community evolved into the modern-day city of Pasig. The area's rich history suggests a vibrant cultural and economic life long before its formal establishment.


2. Parañaque (Founded: February 15, 1572)

Parañaque boasts a rich history dating back to its founding on November 30, 1572. Originally a coastal settlement, Parañaque was established as a pueblo by Spanish friars. Its strategic location along Manila Bay made it a significant trading post during the Spanish colonial period, facilitating commerce between the Philippines and neighboring countries. Over the centuries, Parañaque evolved from a small fishing village to a bustling urban center, influenced by various cultural and economic factors.

The town of Parañaque around 1898, at the beginning of the American Occupation

On February 13, 1998, Parañaque attained cityhood status and became a Highly Urbanized City (HUC). This transition marked a new chapter in its history, as Parañaque emerged as a key player in the development of Metro Manila. With its growing population and expanding economy, Parañaque continues to thrive as a dynamic city, characterized by its diverse communities, vibrant commercial districts, and modern infrastructure. 


1. City of Manila (Founded: June 24, 1571)

The City of Manila, with its roots tracing back to the 13th century or even earlier, has a rich and multifaceted history. Initially part of the Sultanate of Brunei, it was known as the Rajahnate of Maynila in the 1500s, believed to have been ruled by Rajah Sulayman. However, it was in 1571 when Spanish conquistadors under the leadership of Miguel López de Legazpi officially established Spanish Manila on June 24th.

1734 map of the Walled City of Manila

Under Spanish rule, Manila flourished as a center of trade and culture in the region, serving as the capital of the Spanish East Indies. The city became a vital hub for the galleon trade between Asia and the Americas, contributing significantly to the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across continents. However, Spanish control was not without its challenges, with periods of conflict and resistance from indigenous groups and occasional attacks from foreign powers.

Aerial view of Manila, 1936

It wasn't until July 31, 1901, that Manila received its city charter, formalizing its status as a city under American rule after the Spanish-American War. On December 22, 1979, Manila was officially declared a highly urbanized city, solidifying its position as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the Philippines.


Presently, the City of Manila stands as the third wealthiest city in terms of assets, proudly serving as the capital of the Philippines.



Metro Manila Cities Ranked by Founding Anniversary or Year of Establishment

Here's a summary of the establishment dates of the Metro Manila cities, listed in order of their founding:

  1. Manila - Established in 1571 as a city under Spanish Monarchy
  2. Parañaque - Established in 1572 as a town.
  3. Pasig - Established in 1573 as a town.
  4. Taguig - Established in 1587 as a town.
  5. Malabon - Established in 1599 as a pueblo (town).
  6. Muntinlupa - Established in 1601 as a town.
  7. Valenzuela - Established in 1621 as a town.
  8. San Juan - Established in 1623 as a town.
  9. Marikina - Established in 1630 as a town.
  10. Makati - Established in 1670 as a town.
  11. Pateros - Established in 1770 as a town.
  12. Las Piñas - Established in 1762 as a town.
  13. Caloocan - Established in 1815 as a town.
  14. Navotas - Established in 1827 as a town
  15. Mandaluyong - Established in 1841 as a town.
  16. Pasay - Established in 1863 as a town.
  17. Quezon City - Established in 1939 as the capital city of the Philippines, replacing Manila.


Metro Manila Cities Ranked by the Year of Cityhood

Here's another list of Metro Manila cities alongside their respective years of incorporation:
  1. Manila (1571)
  2. Quezon City (1939)
  3. Pasay (1947)
  4. Caloocan (1962)
  5. Mandaluyong (1994)
  6. Makati (1995)
  7. Muntinlupa (1995)
  8. Pasig (1995)
  9. Marikina (1996)
  10. Las Piñas (1997)
  11. Parañaque (1998)
  12. Valenzuela (1998)
  13. Malabon (2001)
  14. Taguig (2004)
  15. Navotas (2007)
  16. San Juan (2007)

Note: Pateros is the only municipality in Metro Manila as of writing.


ATTRACTIONS TO SEE IN MANILA 

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As we traverse the annals of history, we gain a deeper appreciation for the diverse tapestry of Metro Manila's cities, each one weaving its own unique narrative of resilience, growth, and transformation. From the ancient streets of Manila to the bustling neighborhoods of Quezon City, the spirit of the Filipino people continues to thrive, leaving an indelible mark on the vibrant mosaic of urban life.

History Metro Manila Philippines

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